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a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
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          <
div role="main" class="document">
            
  <
div class="section" id="views">
<
h1>Views<class="headerlink" href="#views" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<
p>A view is simply a web page, or a page fragmentlike a headerfooter,
sidebaretcIn factviews can flexibly be embedded within other views
(within other viewsetc., etc.) if you need this type of hierarchy.</p>
<
p>Views are never called directlythey must be loaded by a
<class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><em>controller</em></a>. Remember that in an MVC frameworkthe
Controller acts 
as the traffic copso it is responsible for fetching a
particular view
. If you have not read the
<class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><em>Controllers</em></apage you should do so before
continuing
.</p>
<
p>Using the example controller you created in the
<class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><em>controller</em></apagelet&#8217;s add a view to it.</p>
<div class="section" id="creating-a-view">
<
h2>Creating a View<class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-view" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<
p>Using your text editorcreate a file called blogview.php, and put this
in it
:</p>
<
div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<
span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
        <
span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">My</span> <span class="nx">Blog</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<
span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<
span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
        <
span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">Welcome</span> <span class="nx">to</span> <span class="nx">my</span> <span class="nx">Blog</span><span class="o">!&lt;/</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<
span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<
span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</
pre></div>
</
div>
<
p>Then save the file in your <em>application/views/</emdirectory.</p>
</
div>
<
div class="section" id="loading-a-view">
<
h2>Loading a View<class="headerlink" href="#loading-a-view" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<
p>To load a particular view file you will use the following method:</p>
<
div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</
div>
<
p>Where name is the name of your view file.</p>
<
div class="admonition note">
<
class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<
class="last">The .php file extension does not need to be specified
unless you 
use something other than .php.</p>
</
div>
<
p>Nowopen the controller file you made earlier called Blog.php, and
replace the echo statement with the view loading method:</p>
<
div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
<
span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>

        <
span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <
span class="p">{</span>
                <
span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blogview&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
        
<span class="p">}</span>
<
span class="p">}</span>
</
pre></div>
</
div>
<
p>If you visit your site using the URL you did earlier you should see your
new viewThe URL was similar to this:</p>
<
div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">blog</span><span class="o">/</span>
</
pre></div>
</
div>
</
div>
<
div class="section" id="loading-multiple-views">
<
h2>Loading multiple views<class="headerlink" href="#loading-multiple-views" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<
p>CodeIgniter will intelligently handle multiple calls to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;load-&gt;view()</span></ttfrom within a controller. If more than one call
happens they will be appended together
. For exampleyou may wish to
have a header view
a menu viewa content view, and a footer viewThat
might look something like this
:</p>
<
div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>

<
span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Page</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>

        <
span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <
span class="p">{</span>
                <
span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;page_title&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Your title&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
                
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;header&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
                
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;menu&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
                
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
                
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;footer&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
        
<span class="p">}</span>

<
span class="p">}</span>
</
pre></div>
</
div>
<
p>In the example abovewe are using &#8220;dynamically added data&#8221;, which you
will see below.</p>
</
div>
<
div class="section" id="storing-views-within-sub-directories">
<
h2>Storing Views within Sub-directories<class="headerlink" href="#storing-views-within-sub-directories" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<
p>Your view files can also be stored within sub-directories if you prefer
that type of organization
When doing so you will need to include the
directory name loading the view
Example:</p>
<
div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;directory_name/file_name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</
div>
</
div>
<
div class="section" id="adding-dynamic-data-to-the-view">
<
h2>Adding Dynamic Data to the View<class="headerlink" href="#adding-dynamic-data-to-the-view" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<
p>Data is passed from the controller to the view by way of an <strong>array</strong> or
an <strong>object</strongin the second parameter of the view loading methodHere
is an example using an 
array:</p>
<
div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <
span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My Title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        
<span class="s1">&#39;heading&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My Heading&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        
<span class="s1">&#39;message&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My Message&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>

<
span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blogview&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</
div>
<
p>And here&#8217;s an example using an object:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Someclass</span><span class="p">();</span>
<
span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blogview&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</
div>
<
div class="admonition note">
<
class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<
class="last">If you use an objectthe class variables will be turned
into 
array elements.</p>
</
div>
<
p>Let&#8217;s try it with your controller file. Open it add this code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
<
span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>

        <
span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <
span class="p">{</span>
                <
span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;My Real Title&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
                
<span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;heading&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;My Real Heading&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>

                
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blogview&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
        
<span class="p">}</span>
<
span class="p">}</span>
</
pre></div>
</
div>
<
p>Now open your view file and change the text to variables that correspond
to the 
array keys in your data:</p>
<
div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<
span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
        <
span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?&gt;</span><span class="nt">&lt;/title&gt;</span>
<
span class="nt">&lt;/head&gt;</span>
<
span class="nt">&lt;body&gt;</span>
        <
span class="nt">&lt;h1&gt;</span><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$heading</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?&gt;</span><span class="nt">&lt;/h1&gt;</span>
<
span class="nt">&lt;/body&gt;</span>
<
span class="nt">&lt;/html&gt;</span>
</
pre></div>
</
div>
<
p>Then load the page at the URL you&#8217;ve been using and you should see the
variables replaced.</p>
</
div>
<
div class="section" id="creating-loops">
<
h2>Creating Loops<class="headerlink" href="#creating-loops" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<
p>The data array you pass to your view files is not limited to simple
variables
You can pass multi dimensional arrayswhich can be looped to
generate multiple rows
. For example, if you pull data from your database
it will typically be in the form of a multi
-dimensional array.</p>
<
p>Here&#8217;s a simple example. Add this to your controller:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
<
span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>

        <
span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <
span class="p">{</span>
                <
span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;todo_list&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Clean House&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Call Mom&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Run Errands&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

                
<span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;My Real Title&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
                
<span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;heading&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;My Real Heading&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>

                
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blogview&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
        
<span class="p">}</span>
<
span class="p">}</span>
</
pre></div>
</
div>
<
p>Now open your view file and create a loop:</p>
<
div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<
span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
        <
span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?&gt;</span><span class="nt">&lt;/title&gt;</span>
<
span class="nt">&lt;/head&gt;</span>
<
span class="nt">&lt;body&gt;</span>
        <
span class="nt">&lt;h1&gt;</span><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$heading</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?&gt;</span><span class="nt">&lt;/h1&gt;</span>

        <
span class="nt">&lt;h3&gt;</span>My Todo List<span class="nt">&lt;/h3&gt;</span>

        <
span class="nt">&lt;ul&gt;</span>
        <
span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$todo_list</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$item</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:?&gt;</span>

                <
span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$item</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?&gt;</span><span class="nt">&lt;/li&gt;</span>

        <
span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">endforeach</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
        <
span class="nt">&lt;/ul&gt;</span>

<
span class="nt">&lt;/body&gt;</span>
<
span class="nt">&lt;/html&gt;</span>
</
pre></div>
</
div>
<
div class="admonition note">
<
class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<
class="last">You&#8217;ll notice that in the example above we are using PHP&#8217;s
alternative syntax. If you are not familiar with it you can read about
it 
<class="reference internal" href="alternative_php.html"><em>here</em></a>.</p>
</
div>
</
div>
<
div class="section" id="returning-views-as-data">
<
h2>Returning views as data<class="headerlink" href="#returning-views-as-data" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<
p>There is a third <strong>optional</strongparameter lets you change the behavior of
the method so that it returns data 
as a string rather than sending it
to your browser
This can be useful if you want to process the data in
some way
. If you set the parameter to TRUE (boolean) it will return
dataThe default behavior is falsewhich sends it to your browser.
Remember to assign it to a variable if you want the data returned:</p>
<
div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myfile&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</
div>
</
div>
</
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