Файл: CodeIgniter-3.0.3/user_guide/general/urls.html
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<div class="section" id="codeigniter-urls">
<h1>CodeIgniter URLs<a class="headerlink" href="#codeigniter-urls" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>By default, URLs in CodeIgniter are designed to be search-engine and
human friendly. Rather than using the standard “query string” approach
to URLs that is synonymous with dynamic systems, CodeIgniter uses a
<strong>segment-based</strong> approach:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">news</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">article</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">my_article</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Query string URLs can be optionally enabled, as described
below.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="uri-segments">
<h2>URI Segments<a class="headerlink" href="#uri-segments" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The segments in the URL, in following with the Model-View-Controller
approach, usually represent:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">function</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">ID</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>The first segment represents the controller <strong>class</strong> that should be
invoked.</li>
<li>The second segment represents the class <strong>function</strong>, or method, that
should be called.</li>
<li>The third, and any additional segments, represent the ID and any
variables that will be passed to the controller.</li>
</ol>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html"><em>URI Library</em></a> and the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html"><em>URL Helper</em></a> contain functions that make it easy to work
with your URI data. In addition, your URLs can be remapped using the
<a class="reference internal" href="routing.html"><em>URI Routing</em></a> feature for more flexibility.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="removing-the-index-php-file">
<h2>Removing the index.php file<a class="headerlink" href="#removing-the-index-php-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>By default, the <strong>index.php</strong> file will be included in your URLs:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">news</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">article</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">my_article</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If your Apache server has <em>mod_rewrite</em> enabled, you can easily remove this
file by using a .htaccess file with some simple rules. Here is an example
of such a file, using the “negative” method in which everything is redirected
except the specified items:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre>RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L]
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In the above example, any HTTP request other than those for existing
directories and existing files is treated as a request for your index.php file.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">These specific rules might not work for all server configurations.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Make sure to also exclude from the above rule any assets that you
might need to be accessible from the outside world.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="adding-a-url-suffix">
<h2>Adding a URL Suffix<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-a-url-suffix" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>In your <strong>config/config.php</strong> file you can specify a suffix that will be
added to all URLs generated by CodeIgniter. For example, if a URL is
this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">products</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">view</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">shoes</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can optionally add a suffix, like <strong>.html,</strong> making the page appear to
be of a certain type:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">products</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">view</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">shoes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="enabling-query-strings">
<h2>Enabling Query Strings<a class="headerlink" href="#enabling-query-strings" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>In some cases you might prefer to use query strings URLs:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nx">products</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nx">view</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">345</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>CodeIgniter optionally supports this capability, which can be enabled in
your <strong>application/config.php</strong> file. If you open your config file you’ll
see these items:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'enable_query_strings'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'controller_trigger'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'c'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'function_trigger'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'m'</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you change “enable_query_strings” to TRUE this feature will become
active. Your controllers and functions will then be accessible using the
“trigger” words you’ve set to invoke your controllers and methods:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nx">controller</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nx">method</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you are using query strings you will have to build your own
URLs, rather than utilizing the URL helpers (and other helpers
that generate URLs, like some of the form helpers) as these are
designed to work with segment based URLs.</p>
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